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Top
Genetic
Mutations and Molecular Information - Genetic Entropy
This video is excerpted from the AiG Answers In
Genesis DVD called The Code of Life by Dr. Georgia Purdom. This DVD
explores the fascinating world of DNA and clearly show that junk DNA
isn't junk and that mutations and natural selection are headed in
the wrong direction, corrupting and decreasing information in DNA
making evolution impossible. Evolutionist require significant change
in any given DNA sequence over long periods of time, yet this
required drift is not what science has found.
There are many ancient
bacterium fossils recovered and revived from salt crystals and amber
crystals that have been compared to their living descendants of
today. Some bacterium spores, in salt crystals, dating back as far
as 250 million years have been revived, had their DNA sequenced, and
compared to their offspring of today Vreeland RH, 2000 Nature.
Scientists accomplished this using a technique called polymerase
chain reaction PCR. To the disbelieving shock of many scientists,
both ancient and modern bacteria were found to have the almost exact
DNA sequence. Almost without exception, bacteria isolated from
ancient material have proven to closely resemble modern bacteria at
both morphological and molecular levels. Heather Maughan, C. William
Birky Jr., Wayne L. Nicholson, William D. Rosenzweig and Russell H.
Vreeland The Paradox of the Ancient Bacterium Which Contains Modern
Protein-Coding Genes
How
to manage MRSA skin infections.
In early September, NEJM presented a case of a college athlete
with a skin and soft-tissue infection in Clinical Decisions,
an interactive feature designed to assess how readers
would manage a clinical problem for which there may be
more than one appropriate treatment. The result of their
survey is now published.
New Antibiotic
Aminomethylcyclines (AMCs)
AMCs were evolved from tetracycline antibiotics as potential
agents to combat multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
including MRSA, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP),
vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), multidrug resistant
Escherichia coli and other difficult-to-treat pathogens.
Introduced more than 50 years ago, tetracyclines remain among
the most commonly used antiinfective agents to combat bacterial
infections. However, the emergence of resistance has curtailed
their effectiveness in certain infections. Paratek has utilized
its expertise to create AMC compounds, such as PTK 0796, that
retain the appealing safety and spectrum of activity of the
tetracyclines while overcoming tetracycline and multi-drug
resistance.
Linezolid (Zyvox)
New Antibiotic was approved by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) in 2000 to treat a variety of infections, including some
caused by bacteria resistant to the drug methicillin.
Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become
a major cause of infections both in hospitals and communities.
For years the antibiotic vancomycin had been a last line of
defence against infections caused by MRSA and other
antibiotic-resistant “super bugs,” but now vancomycin-resistant
infections have been reported.
Linezolid is among the first new treatments
for MRSA infections since vancomycin was introduced in the
1950s. Unlike other newer antibiotics for MRSA and VRE,
linezolid can be given orally, as well as intravenously, making
it suitable for outpatient use.
Linezolid produced a clinical
cure for 81 percent of patients, while the comparator
combination was effective for 71 percent of patients.
Statistically, the overall results for the two groups were about
equal. However, linezolid outperformed the
aminopenicillin treatments in the largest subgroup: patients
with an infected ulcer, as opposed to cellulites, osteomyelitis,
or other less common types of diabetic foot infections.
Ceftobiprole
Ceftobiprole has been granted "fast-track" status from the
FDA and is licensed from, and is being co-developed with,
Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd, Switzerland, through an exclusive
worldwide collaboration.
New drug, called Ceftobiprole, was tested against some of the
deadliest strains of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
bacteria, which are responsible for the great majority of staphylococcal
infections worldwide, both in hospitals and in the community.
By targeting the gene that confers such resistance, a new drug may be
able to finally fight them. Rockefeller University scientists tested the
new drug, called Ceftobiprole, against some of the deadliest strains of
multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Ceftobiprole
worked against bacterial clones that had already developed resistance to
other drugs. Previous research had already shown that — in general —
Ceftobiprole was highly effective against most clinical isolates of S.
aureus.
In the past newer antibiotic arrives on the scene, and sooner or
later resistant bacteria emerge.
In patients with complicated skin infections, outcomes were similar
for ceftobiprole (a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against
MRSA) and vancomycin
Dalbavancin
Pfizer announced today that it would withdraw
marketing application being considered at FDA and the European Medicines
Agency (EMEA) for Dalbavancin an antibiotic it was developing for
complicated skin infections caused by bacteria including methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Chemicals in Marijuana May
Fight MRSA
Study Shows Cannabinoids May Be Useful Against Drug-Resistant
Staph Infection
Researchers in Italy and the U.K. tested five major marijuana
chemicals called cannabinoids on different strains of MRSA (methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus). All five showed germ-killing
activity against the MRSA strains in lab tests. Some synthetic
cannabinoids also showed germ-killing capability. The scientists
note the cannabinoids kill bacteria in a different way than
traditional antibiotics, meaning they might be able to bypass
bacterial resistance. Ref: G. Journal of Natural Products,
2008; vol 71: pp 1427-1430
Manuka Honey
Researchers have examined MRSA that has come in contact with Manuka
Honey and have determined that MRSA cannot survive in the healing
environment created by Manuka Honey. MRSA is a bacterium that grows and
divides into two similar cells every half hour. It divides by forming a
wall across the middle of the cell, which then splits in half to create
two new cells. Studies have shown that Manuka Honey interferes with the
cell cycle of MRSA by affecting the separation of new cells, so that
cells unable to complete division are disabled at that point in the cell
cycle.
All types of honey contain hydrogen peroxide which is a known antiseptic
and disinfectant. Manuka honey has an additional antibacterial component
making it much more effective for therapeutic use. This additional
component, known as UMF, is unaffected by enzymes that dilutes the
effectiveness of regular honey. It remains active when used as a wound
dressing and diffuses deeper into skin tissues.
Manuka Honey is also considered to be antimicrobial and, therefore,
capable of treating local bacterial and fungal skin infections. We are a
long way from using this as a cure or using the knowledge to develop new
antibiotics. Teatre OIL (Melaleuca
Alternifolia) This essential oil fumes is said to reduce
colony count in the hospitals and office but not on skin and
for wounds. Various companies are marketing products made from this
oil as antiseptic, acne treatment, after shave lotions and even for
thrush and other fungal infections. They are can damage skin and mucus
membrane which will later get colonized with bacteria.
Bacteriophage
Use of
Bacteriophage for local and intestinal infections is still
controversial but there is no treatment available for treating
bloodstream infection. Some microbiologist think MRSA will be
more virulent when they are infected with a bacteriophage.
Bacteriphage can
carry plasmid from one bacteria to another.
MRSA and other super bugs have made many people anxious, and
they are looking for ways to avoid these germs. But everyone
needs to know that antibacterial products are NOT the best line
of attack against MRSA and other germs. While they can help in
a pinch, overuse is linked to antibiotic-resistance
The Ganges is a place of death and life. Hindus from all
over will bring their dead. Whether a body or just ashes, the
waters of the Ganga are needed to reach Pitriloka (the World of
the Ancestors). Just as in the myth with King Sargas' 60,000
sons who attained heaven by Ganga pouring down her water upon
their ashes, so the same waters of Ganga are needed for the dead
in the Hindu belief today. Without this, the dead will exist
only in a limbo of suffering, and would be troublesome spirits
to those still living on earth. The waters of the Ganges are
called amrita, the "nectar of immortality".
Are viruses (Bacteriophage) the answer to fight this "Super Bacteria"?
Use of Bacteriophage
for local and intestinal infections is still controversial
but there is no treatment available for treating bloodstream infection.
Some microbiologist think MRSA will be more virulent when they are
infected with a bacteriophage. Bacteriphage can
carry plasmid from one bacteria to another.
MRSA and other
super bugs have made many people anxious, and they are looking for ways
to avoid these germs. But everyone needs to know that antibacterial products are NOT the best line of attack against
MRSA and other germs. While they can help in a pinch, overuse is
linked to antibiotic-resistance
ATEL Ventures Invests $1.8 Million of
Financing in GangaGen, Inc.
Innovative approach revolutionize
the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections such
as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using
bacteriophage....
Drug choice is not the biggest challenge of MRSA treatment and
cell wall synthesis, however, is not the only common target of
antibiotics. The cell wall becomes susceptible to the autolytic enzymes that
degrade the cell wall and
becomes permeable to the environment, leading to bacterial lysis.
Improving infection control would prevent the spread of
resistant strains as rapid methods of Triathlon poster pathogens
would lead to faster isolation of colonized patients, making it
harder for disease to spread. Antibiotic Treatment of Adults With
Sore Throat by Community Primary Care Physicians A National
Survey.
Scientists may soon shed light on a way to conquer “superbugs”
with nanotechnology and a simple flip of a switch. A new type of
paint for walls and ceilings may, when exposed to fluorescent light,
be able to kill “superbugs,” antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
according to preliminary studies led by Lucia Caballero from
Manchester
Metropolitan
University in
England
Allicin and methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) in hospitals and the community has led to a demand for
new agents that could be used to decrease the spread of these
bacteria. Topical agents such as mupirocin have been used to reduce
nasal carriage and spread and to treat skin infections; however,
resistance to mupirocin in MRSAs is increasing. Allicin is the main
antibacterial agent isolated from garlic, but natural extracts can
be unstable. In this study, a new, stable, aqueous extract of
allicin (extracted from garlic) is tested on 30 clinical isolates of
MRSA that show a range of susceptibilities to mupirocin. |
